Where the Gap Opens: Application vs. Admission at Ivy Plus Colleges
All rates test-score-adjusted. Application gap is modest; admission + yield gap is where wealth provides its largest advantage.
The admission gap is the story. Students from the top 0.1% apply at 1.2× expected, but attend at 2.5×.
The 2.0× admission+yield advantage means equally-qualified ultra-wealthy students are admitted and enroll at double the rate of their peers.
Source: Chetty, Deming & Friedman (2023)